專題二 數(shù)詞、冠詞
一.數(shù)詞
1.數(shù)詞概述：表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞叫做數(shù)詞。其用法相當于名詞或者形容詞。
2.數(shù)詞的種類：可以分為兩種： 基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞：表示先后順序的數(shù)詞。
3.基數(shù)詞的寫法和用法
1)1—12的基數(shù)詞是獨立的單詞，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。
2)13—19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如：14—fourteen，但13，15，18較特殊，13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。
3)20—90的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如：60—sixty，但20，30，40，50，80較特殊， 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。
4) 十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“-”，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。
5) 百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間加“and”，如：148—one hundred and forty-eight , 406—four hundred and six。
6) hundred(百)，thousand(千)，million(百萬)，billion(十億)等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞，也不能在它們的后面加s。
7) .百(hundred),千(thousand),百萬(million)等詞與介詞of連用的時侯，用復數(shù)形式，表不確定數(shù)目，其前面不可與數(shù)字連用
8).表示“幾十”的數(shù)詞，復數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。
如： He is in his forties. 他四十多歲。
This took place in the 1930s. 這事發(fā)生在二十世紀三十年代。
9).基數(shù)詞可與其他詞構成形容詞。
如： Can you say something about your two-month holiday? ?(two和month之間有連字符時，month用單數(shù))
4. 序數(shù)詞的寫法和用法
1).基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞可利用口訣巧記：“一、二、三，特殊記，八去“t ”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，見“y”變成“i”和“e”，詞尾加上“th”，若是遇到幾十幾，只變個位就可以。”
變法如下：first，second，third，eight—eighth nine—ninth，five—fifth，twelve—twelfth，twenty—twentieth，forty—fortieth，twenty-five—twenty-fifth。
其余情況均在基數(shù)詞后加th。如： six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。
2). 序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞the, 表“順序”。但如果序數(shù)詞不表示順序，而表示“又一個，另一個”時，則不能用the, 要用a. 如：Try it a second time. 再試一下。
5. 序數(shù)詞表示“名次”時，不用定冠詞。
He was first. 他得了第一名。
Who was first? Who was second?誰是第一名?誰是第二名?
注意:
1.分數(shù)的讀法：分子必須用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子如果大于1，分母須用復數(shù)形式。先讀分子，再讀分母。分子為one時可換用a. 如：
In our class, about a third can speak English well.
Two thirds 三分之二。
2.1/2讀作“a(或one)half(而不是a second “一秒鐘”)，1/4既可讀作“a(或one)quarter”又可讀作 “a(或one)fourth”.
3/4:Three quarters
3.小數(shù)的讀法：小數(shù)點的前的基數(shù)詞與前面所講的基數(shù)詞讀法完全相同;小數(shù)點讀作point,小數(shù)點后只須將數(shù)字一一讀出。
15.67 讀作: fifteen point six seven
4. 百分數(shù)的讀法：先讀基數(shù)詞，再讀百分號 “%”(讀作percent).
5% 讀作: five percent.
5.年代的讀法為“兩位，兩位”地讀。整百的后讀hundred,整千的后讀thousand, 前常加 the year. 如：
1937讀作nineteen thirty-seven 或：nineteen hundred and thirty-seven
2000 年 讀作 the year two thousand
December the first, nineteen ninety-four 一九九四年十二月一日
二.冠詞
1. 冠詞概述：冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。
2. 冠詞的種類：英語中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞，另一種是不定冠詞，還有一種是零冠詞。
3. 不定冠詞的用法
不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源，是"一個"的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作[e]，而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做[en]。
1) 表示"一個"，意為one;
2) 代表一類人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is a doctor.
3) 詞組或成語。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on /
4. 定冠詞的用法
定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那(這)個"的意思，但較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。它有以下意義：
1)特指雙方都明白的人或物：定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那(這)個"的意思，但較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。
1)特指雙方都明白的人或物： Take the umbrella. 帶上傘。
2)上文提到過的人或事： He bought a book. I've read the book.
他買了一本書。我看過那本書。
3)指世上獨一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth
4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich 富人; the living 活著的人。
5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only，very，same等前面：
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。
6)用在表示身體部位的名詞前： She caught me by the hand. 她抓住了我手。
7)用在某些由普通名詞構成的國家名稱、機關團體、階級、等專有名詞前：
the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 the United States 美國
8)用在表示樂器的名詞之前： She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。
9) 用在姓氏的復數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)
10) 用在慣用語中：
in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, by the way, go to the theatre
5.零冠詞的用法
1) 國名，人名前通常不用冠詞：England，Mary;
2)泛指的復數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時，可不用定冠詞; They are teachers.
3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞; Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
2)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞;
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
3)在三餐、球類運動和娛樂運動的名稱前，不加冠詞
4) 當by 與火車等交通工具連用中間無冠詞;by bus，by train;
5)有些個體名詞不用冠詞;如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class， town，church，court 等個體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義，
如：go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看病
go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)
6)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞;
a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞
b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 He came first in the race.
c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last
實戰(zhàn)演練(2×50)
1. There are ___ days in a year.
A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five
2. ______visitors visit this museum every day.
A. Hundred B. Hundred of C. Hundreds of
3. There are two___ people in the library.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of
4. Every year ___ watch NBA on TV.
A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people
5. ____ trees will be planted in our city in 5 years.
A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Two thousand of
6. My brother is in____.
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade first, Class Third
7. We are going to learn___ this term.
A. book six B. six book C. Book Six
8. Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud.
A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page
9. He will come here ____ tomorrow morning.
A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two
10. He was doing some reading ____.
A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight
11. He began to live there____.
A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. in his fifties
12 They moved to the USA _
A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 ' C. in the 1980s
13.She was ___ her early twenties when she became a movie star.
A. at B. on C. in
14. There are____ months in a year. December is the____month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve
15. Sunday is the____ day of the week.
A. seventh B. first C. second
16. Autumn is________ season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third
17. -What's the date today?
-It’s___.
A. Friday B. cloudy C. July 4th
18. Jenny was born _______.
A. on July 10, 1997 B. in July 10, 1997 C. in 1997, July 10
19. Monday is the second day, and_______.
A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday
20. About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.
A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths
21. ___ of the students are girls in our class.
A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds
22.___ of the world's books and newspapers are written in English.
A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four
23. Tom is____ in the row.
A. a third B. the third C. third
24. The girl wanted to sing____ song at the party yesterday.
A. two B. a second C. the second
25. Now let him have____.
A. the third try B. a third try C. third try
26. Our school is only _______ walk from here.
A. five-minute B. five minute’s C. five minutes’
27. There are ________ days in a week.
A. the seven B. seventh C.seven
28.Please write down the new words in the text of ________.
A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh
29.----How old is your sister?
------________.
A. She’s fifteenth B. She’s young C. She’s fifteen
30. I read ______story. It is ______interesting story.
A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the
31. Paris is __ European country and China is ___ Asian country.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an
32. _____elephant is bigger than ______ horse.
A. /, / B. an, a C. A, a
33. Shut _____door, please.
A. a B. an C. the
34.He is now living in ______ European country.
A. a B. an C. /
35. China is ______ old country with ______ long history.
A. an, a B. a, a C. an, the
36. My parents usually go out for ______ walk in ______ evening.
A. the, a B. a, the C. /, the
37. Her ______ first thing is to help her mother clean the room.
A. a B. the C. /
38. The word “floor” begins with ______ “f” and the end with ______ “r”.
A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a
39. June 1st is ______ Children’s Day.
A. a B. the C. ./
40. ______ Huanghe River is _______ second largest river in China.
A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a
41. Paris is one of ______ most beautiful cities in ______ world.
A. /, the B. / ,/ C. the, the
42.Yesterday Mr Smith went to ______ Great Wall at ______ noon.
A. the, the B. /,/ C. the, /
43. We always have ______ milk for ______ breakfast.
A. /,/ B. the, / C. /,a
44.-Did you see my grandfather?
-Oh, I saw ______old man sitting on a chair under the tree. Maybe he is.
A. a B. an C. the
45.-Do you see ______man with a dog?
-Oh, Yes, ______dog is black.
A. the, a, The B. a, a, C. a, the
46.Who is ______better, Li Ping or Wang Dong?
A. the B. a C. ×
47.We go to school five days ______ week.
A. a B. an C. /
48.-In which class is ______ boy in white?
-He's in Class 5.
A. the B. a C. an
49. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _____ soccer.
A. a B. an C. /
50.More college graduates would like to work in _______ west part of our country ______ next year.
A. the, the B. /, / C. the, /
參考答案
1-5 CCABA 5-10 BCABA 11-15 CCCBB 16-20 ACABB 21-25 CABBB
26-30 CCACA 31-35 CBCBA 36-40 BCCCA 41-45 CCABC 46-50 CAACC
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