專題十二 祈使句、感嘆句
一、祈使句
(一)、祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法
祈使句表請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、邀請(qǐng)、勸告等。主語(yǔ)通常被省略，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)或句點(diǎn)。
1. 肯定的祈使句
(1)動(dòng)詞原形+其他
如： Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請(qǐng)起立。
但有時(shí)會(huì)在句首加上主語(yǔ)或加呼語(yǔ)，以便指明是向誰(shuí)提出請(qǐng)求或發(fā)出命令。呼語(yǔ)常與句子隔開，動(dòng)詞仍然用原形。
如： Mary， clean the windows!And you boys，wash the floor!
(2)Be + adj.
如：Be careful! = Look out! = Take care!
(3)Let's + 動(dòng)詞原形
如：Let’s go to school together.
2. 否定的祈使句
(1) Don't + 動(dòng)詞原形
如： Don't stand up. Don't be careless. Don't let them play with fire.
(2) Let's ( let sb ) + not + 動(dòng)詞原形
如： Let's not say anything about it.
3.祈使句的反意疑問句
(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分用will you 或won't you。
如： Please open the door, will/ won’t you?
(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分只用will you。
如： Don't be late again, will you?
(3) 以let's開頭的祈使句反意疑問句反問部分用shall we，let us開頭的祈使句的反意疑問句的反問部分應(yīng)為will you或won't you.
如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you?
Let's turn on the TV, shall we?
4. 特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示外，還可用名詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等表示。如：Help! Patience! Quickly! Hands up!
5. 祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可以再動(dòng)詞前加上do，表示“務(wù)必，一定”。
如：Do be careful!
(二)、祈使句用于兩個(gè)重要句型中
1.“祈使句+and+表結(jié)果的陳述句”用來敘述肯定的條件。
2.“祈使句+or(else)+表結(jié)果的陳述句”用來敘述否定的條件，or(else)表示“否則;要不然”。
如：Hurry up , and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up，you’ll catch the train.)
Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up，you’ll miss the train.)
二、感嘆句
(一)感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法
感嘆句是抒發(fā)強(qiáng)烈感情的句子，如歡樂、興奮、驚奇、憤怒、悲傷等，書面語(yǔ)中句末用感嘆號(hào)。常由what或者h(yuǎn)ow引導(dǎo),都表示“多么”。
1、 what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 what修飾名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)，有以下兩種形式：
(1)What+a(an)+(形容詞)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!
如： What a nice girl (she is)!
What an interesting movie(it is)!
(2)What+(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!
如：What kind women they are!
What nice music/bad weather/good news(it is)!
2、how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 how用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)有：
(1)How+形容詞(副詞)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
如：How hard the workers work!
How clever the girl is!
注意：當(dāng)how修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不跟著感嘆詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。
如：How fast the runner runs!
(2)How +形容詞+ a +名詞+ 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。
如：How clever a boy he is!
(二)特殊形式的感嘆句
1、在口語(yǔ)中常用省略句，有時(shí)只用一個(gè)詞或詞組。
如：Great ! How cold ! Look out! What a fool! What a pity! My goodness!
2、Here/There開頭的感嘆句：
(1).Here/There+主語(yǔ)(代詞)+謂語(yǔ)
如：Here he comes!
(2).Here/There+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)(名詞)
如：Here comes the bus!
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計(jì)分:
1. ___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. What nice
2. ___terrible weather we are having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How
3. --- __ ___ I had!
--- You really had a lot.
A. What a great time B. What great time C. How great time
4. __________ he runs!
A. How fast B. What fast C. What a fast
5. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turning down it
6. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't B. Don't be C. Not be
7. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not B. Doesn't C. Don't
8. Please help me carry it, ___ ___?
A. will I B. will you C. shall we
9. Don't make so much noise, ____ __?
A. will you B. won't you C. shall we
10. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. brings B. bring C. bringing
11. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Tell
12. ---________ nice girl Alice is!
---Yes, she is always ready to help others.
A. What a B. How C. What
13. ________ exciting it was to see the 2010 EXPO!
A. What B. What an C. How
14. __________ the lights when you leave a room.
A. Turn off B. Turning off C. To turn off
15. _______ tall the girl is! She is sure to become a good basketball player.
A. How B. What a C. What
16. ---Try not to be late for school next time.
---Sure, I ________.
A. don’t B. won’t C. haven’t
17. ___ ____she dances!
A. How good B. How well C. What well
18. _ _ __ bright girls they are!
A. What B. What a C. How
19. __ __ hard work it is!
A. How B. What C. What a
20. Please _ ___, they’re having a meeting.
A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. no speaking
21. ___ _ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.
A. Not forget B. Forget not C Don’t forget
22. Lucy, __ __ the door or someone will come in.
A. close B. closes C. closing
23. ___________play soccer in the streets. It’s too dangerous.
A. Let’s B. Don’t C. Do
24. __ __ friendly he is!
A. What B. How C. What a
25. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ___ _?
A. won’t we B. will you C. shall we
26. A sign with the words“__ __” is often found in a bus.
A. No parking B. No smoking C. Turn Left
27.___ __his father works!
A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful
28. ____ __heavy snow!
A. What a B. What C. How
29. _______the mooncakes are!
A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious
30. Cindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock.
A. is sure that B. will be sure C. be sure
31. Let us do it at once, ________ ?
A. shall we B will you C do we
32. Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.
A . not B. don’t C. aren’t
33. ______ tell a lie.
A. Not B. No C. Never
34. --You look very tired. ________ stopping to have a rest?
-- All right.
A. Why not B. How about C. Why don’t
35. They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?
A. not they B. no they C. don’t they
36. ________ your child. We’ll look after him.
A. Not to worry about B. Don’t worry about C. No worry about
37. ________ talk any more! It’s time for class!
A. Stop B. Don’t C. No
38. _________ exciting news! We’ll have a long vacation after the exam.
A. How B. What an C. What
39. __________ speak loudly in the movie theater.
A. Can’t B. Don’t C. Not
40. It’s 7:30 now. Let’s ________ work.
A. go B. going to C. go to
41. ________ time flies!
A. What B. How C. What a
42. _________ a pity!
A. How B. What C. How a
43. Let’s ________ loudly in public.
A. don’t talk B. no talking C. not talk
44. ________ Mr Right is!
A. How kind man B. What kind man C. What a kind man
45. ____ from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. What a long way it is
46. ____ nice picture you gave me!
A. How B. What C. What a
47. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what
48. ____ ___ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How B. What C. What a
49. _ ___old bike Li Lei is riding!
A. What a B. What an C. How
50. _______I miss you!
A. What B. How C. How do
參考答案：
1—5 C A A A A 6---10 B C B A B 11---15 C A C A A 16---20 B B A B B
21---25 C A B B C 26---30 B B B A C 31---35 B B C B C 36---40 B B C B C
41---45 B B C C C 46---50 C A A B B
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