中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之語(yǔ)法講解第十講—時(shí)態(tài)（二）

　　第10講：時(shí)態(tài) (二)

 

　　時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用比較復(fù)雜，好多同學(xué)因?yàn)樽鲱}時(shí)不知應(yīng)用哪種時(shí)態(tài)而撓頭皮。其實(shí)你只要把易混的時(shí)態(tài)掌握好，對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)就沒(méi)有什么難點(diǎn)可言了。而你易混的時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)非是一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的比較罷了。這有何難?看看下面的分析，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一切"as easy as A B C"。

 

　　一般過(guò)去式和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

 

　　一般過(guò)去式只是表示事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，它可以和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如：last night, in 1999, three days ago等連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

 

　　如： We have seen that film. 我們已看過(guò)那部電影。 對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是我們對(duì)影片已有所了解。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我們看了那部電影。只說(shuō)明昨天晚上看電影這一事實(shí)。

 

　　注意：有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如this morning,tonight, this month 等，既可用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，又可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但所表達(dá)的意義有所不同。用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)，而用于一般過(guò)去式則與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。如： I have read this book this April.(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)仍然為四月。)  I read this book this April. (說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)四月份已過(guò)。)

 

　　一般過(guò)去式和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的比較：

 

　　一般過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在某一動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，常用此時(shí)態(tài)。

 

　　如： He had finished his homework before nine o'clock.　九點(diǎn)之前他已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。實(shí)際上，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)常搭配使用。如： When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 當(dāng)他到家的時(shí)候，他的女兒早已去睡覺(jué)了。

 

　　在帶有after和before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，由于從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，所以可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)�！∪纾篐e called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完作業(yè)后不久便來(lái)拜訪(fǎng)我。也可以說(shuō)： He called on me soon after he finished his homework.

 

　　哇塞，我們終于學(xué)完了所有時(shí)態(tài)，摩拳擦掌，試試趁熱打鐵！

 

　　練習(xí)：

 

　　1. Zhao Lan ____ already ___ in this school for two years.

 

　　A. was...studying

 

　　B. will ... study

 

　　C. has ...studied

 

　　D. are studying

 

　　2. They usually _____ TV in the evening.

 

　　A. watch

 

　　B. will watch

 

　　C. are watching

 

　　D. watches

 

　　3. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still ______ to go there.

 

　　A. went to , wanted

 

　　B. goes to , wants

 

　　C. has gone , wants

 

　　D. has been to, wants

 

　　4. She will find him a kind man when she _______ more about him.

 

　　A. knows

 

　　B. know

 

　　C. will know

 

　　D. is going to know

 

　　5. --What are you going to give our teacher for Teacher's Day?

 

　　--I'm not sure. Maybe I _____ him some flowers.

 

　　A. have given

 

　　B. will give

 

　　C. gave

 

　　D. give

 

　　6. --Tom ______ out.

 

　　--Oh, is he? What time _____ he _____ out?

 

　　A. is, did, go

 

　　B. went, is ,going

 

　　C. has gone, did, go

 

　　D. is going, does, go

 

　　7. It's nine o'clock now, they ______ an English class.

 

　　A. have

 

　　B. are having

 

　　C. having

 

　　D. will have

 

　　8. --" Where is Li Lei?"

 

　　--" He _______ his sports shoes in the room. He ______ football with his friends."

 

　　A. is putting on , is playing

 

　　B. puts on, will play

 

　　C. is putting on , will play

 

　　D. put on, played

 

　　9. Miss Smith with her parents ______ China since _________.

 

　　A. have been in , two years ago

 

　　B. has gone to, two years

 

　　C. have been to, two years

 

　　D. has been in, two years ago

 

　　10. When I knocked at the door, my mother _______.

 

　　A. is cooking

 

　　B. cooked

 

　　C. was cooking

 

　　D. cooks

 

　　實(shí)踐：

 

　　1. Jack's father is ______ doctor.

 

　　A. a

 

　　B. an

 

　　C. some

 

　　D. /

 

　　2. He often does some washing ______ Sunday.

 

　　A. at

 

　　B. in

 

　　C. on

 

　　D. by

 

　　3. This room is ours, and that one is ________.

 

　　A. they

 

　　B. them

 

　　C. their

 

　　D. theirs

 

　　4. Tom is _______ boy in his class.

 

　　A. tall

 

　　B. taller

 

　　C. tallest

 

　　D. the tallest

 

　　5. "Can you come here next Friday?"

 

　　"Sorry, I _______."

 

　　A. can't

 

　　B. mustn't

 

　　C. needn't

 

　　D. may not

 

　　6. Did you ______ the football match last night?

 

　　A. see

 

　　B. watch

 

　　C. look

 

　　D. read

 

　　7. There ________ many high buildings in this city.

 

　　A. is

 

　　B. are

 

　　C. have

 

　　D. has

 

　　8. John has two brothers. One is an artist, ________ is a scientist.

 

　　A. the others

 

　　B. another

 

　　C. the other

 

　　D. others

 

　　9. The man asked the policeman _______.

 

　　A. let hime to go

 

　　B. to let him to go

 

　　C. let him go

 

　　D. to let him go

 

　　10. Please _______ page 54 and read lesson Twelve.

 

　　A. turn to

 

　　B. turn into

 

　　C. turn in

 

　　D. turn on

 

　　11. He did not go home ______ he finished the work.

 

　　A. of

 

　　B. because

 

　　C. until

 

　　D. since

 

　　12. The old man was _______ tired that she couldn't walk on.

 

　　A. so

 

　　B. too

 

　　C. very

 

　　D. quite

 

　　13. We are busy ________ our lessons these days.

 

　　A. prepare

 

　　B. preparing

 

　　C. to prepare

 

　　D. prepared

 

　　14. I'll go with you if I ________ free tomorrow.

 

　　A. will be

 

　　B. shall be

 

　　C. am

 

　　D. was

 

　　15. Do you know ________?

 

　　A. where does he live

 

　　B. where he lives

 

　　C. he where lives

 

　　D. he lives where