第16講 There be句型與中考試題
There be句型的基本用法是表示"某地（或某時(shí)）有某人（或某物）"，其形式為"Therebe＋代詞或名詞（短語(yǔ)）＋地點(diǎn)／時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"。這里there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義，be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，代詞或名詞（短語(yǔ)）是主語(yǔ)。be要與主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。否定句是在be后加not；一般疑問句是將be放在句首；反意疑問句中的簡(jiǎn)短問句是由"be（或其否定式）＋there"構(gòu)成。例如：
1．There is a desk and two chairs in the room．（緊挨著be動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是a desk，是單數(shù)，故be的形式要用is）
2．There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room．（否定句）
3．Is there anything wrong with your ears？（Yes，there is．／No，there isn't．）
4．There wasn't a meeting yesterday，was there？（反意疑問句）
除此之外，還有一個(gè)重要句式"有某人在做某事"，要用"There be ＋sb．＋doing sth．＋地點(diǎn)／時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"。例如：
There are several children swimming in the river．河里有幾個(gè)孩子在游泳。
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中常見的時(shí)態(tài)有如下幾種情況：
通過上表可知：各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過 be動(dòng)詞的變化來體現(xiàn)的。至于你提到的兩個(gè)句子我們先不考慮對(duì)錯(cuò)，首要的問題是弄清楚There be與have所表示的意義。There be句型表示"存在"關(guān)系，have表示"所屬"關(guān)系，兩者不能混合在一個(gè)句子中。例如，要說"明天有一個(gè)班會(huì)。"（1）There will have a class meeting tomorrow．（×）（2）There is going to／will be a class meeting tomorrow．（√）有時(shí)候既表示"存在"又表示"所屬"時(shí)兩種都可以用。例如：Class Three have a map of China on the wall．（"地圖"為三班學(xué)生所有）There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three．（"地圖"存在于三班）由此看來，There will have是錯(cuò)誤的。
復(fù)習(xí)There be句型時(shí)除了掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外，還應(yīng)注意以下問題：
1．There be句型的考查更多的是將be動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行的，即主謂的一致性。例如：
（1）There is _____ on the floor．
�。�2）There are _____ on the floor．
選項(xiàng)：A．cat B．water C．boxes D．football解析：（1）由is可知主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，而A、D項(xiàng)中都缺少冠詞a，故選B，同理可知（2）應(yīng)選C。
2．如果作主語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，則常�？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)中的修飾語(yǔ)。可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前可以用any，som e，few，a few，m any或用數(shù)詞 ＋hundred／thousand／million，hundreds／ thousands／millions of，no等修飾；不可數(shù)名詞可以受any，some，no，little，a little，much等詞的修飾。例如：
�。�1）There were _____ students in our school．
A．hundreds B．eight hundred C．eight hundreds of
�。�2）There is _____ water．You needn't get some more．
A．few B．little C．much
解析：（1）由數(shù)詞與名詞的搭配關(guān)系可知選B，（2）由water可知排除A項(xiàng)，再由后一句意思便知選C。
3．注意不定代詞的用法。
�。�1）不定代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：There is nothing in the fridge．（2）不定代詞受形容詞修飾時(shí)要放在形容詞的前面。例如：There is something interesting in today's newspaper．
4．There be句型的反意疑問句，要注意陳述部分的形式。
如果陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle，few，no，nobody，none等否定詞時(shí)，后面的簡(jiǎn)短問句中要用肯定形式。例如：There is nobody in the room，is there？
但有的含有否定意義的形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)則仍看作肯定句式。例如：There is something unusual in the room，isn't there？
5．要注意句子前后意思的一致性。
有的句子單獨(dú)看其意義時(shí)，可能不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合于它，但如果聯(lián)系上下句的意思則只能有一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。例如：（1）There is _____ food．You needn't buy any．（2） There is _____ food．You have to buy some．（A．a(chǎn)ny B．some C．no）從這兩題中的第一個(gè)句子來看均可選用some和no，但與后面的句意結(jié)合看，答案則是的：（1）B，（2）C。
There be句型命題趨向有兩個(gè)方面：一是進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)知識(shí)的理解與運(yùn)用方面的考查。例如be動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致性、名詞或代詞的修飾語(yǔ)、搭配關(guān)系、含否定詞的反意疑問句等。二是有可能出現(xiàn)"有某人在做某事"這一句型，即"There be ＋sb．＋doing sth．＋地點(diǎn)／時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"。
下面是一些英語(yǔ)中考試題原題:
1．There are _____ days in a week．
A．the seven B．seventh C．the seventh D．seven
2．There are few _____ in the fridge．Let's go and buy som e peas，carrots and cabbages．
A．vegetables B．fruit C．meat D．eggs
3．Look！There are some _____ on the floor．
A．child B．water C．boxes D．girl
4．There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting．
A．hundreds B．hundreds of C．hundred
5．The letter from my uncle was short．There wasn't _____ news．
A．many B．a(chǎn) few C．much D．few
6．-Oh，there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift．
-It doesn't matter，let's wait for the next．
A．ground B．floor C．place D．room
7．There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday．
A．was B．will be C．will have D．a(chǎn)re going to be
8．There _____ a football gam e in our school．
A．has B．will have C．will be
9．There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening．
A．have；on B．be；on C．have；for D．be；of
10．There is _____ food here．We'll have to buy some．
A．a(chǎn)ny B．some C．no
11．There is _____ in the bag．It's em pty．
A．nothing B．something C．a(chǎn)nything D．somebody
12．There is _____ knocking at the door．Go and see who it is．
A．nobody B．somebody C．a(chǎn)nybody D．everybody
13．-Is there _____ wrong with me， doctor？
-I'm afraid so．Your heart is beating a bit too slow．
A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．everything D．nothing
14．There is _____ interesting on this channel．Try others．
A．nothing
B．none
C．a(chǎn)nything
D．no
15．There is _____ interesting in the film，so _____ is interested in it．
A．something；nobody B．nothing；somebody
C．a(chǎn)nything；anybody D．nothing；nobody
16．There is _____ in today's newspaper．
A．nothing new B．a(chǎn)nything new
C．new anything D．new something
17．There is _____ in today's newspaper．
A．new anything B．new something
C．a(chǎn)nything new D．something new
18．There will be a volleyball match in our school， _____ ？
A．be there B．is there
C．will there D．won't there
19．There is little water in the bottle．（改為反意疑問句）
There is little water in the bottle， _____ _____ ？
20．There is som ething unusual on the island．（改為反意疑問句）
There is som ething unusual on the island， _____ _____ ？
Key:
●There be句型與中考試題
1-5 D A C C C
6-10 D B C B C
11-15 A B B A D
16-18 A D D 19．is there 20．isn't there
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