一、介詞by的用法
1
. by表示方式、方法或手段，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，意為“使用某物;靠;乘(車、船)等”。如：
Do you learn English by reading aloud?你通過大聲朗讀來學(xué)習(xí)英語嗎?
I often go to school by bike.我經(jīng)常騎自行車去上學(xué)。
2
. by表示時(shí)間，意為“到……時(shí)(為止);在……以前、不遲于”。如：
I have to go to bed by ten o'clock.我必須10點(diǎn)前睡覺。
Can you finish your work by nine o'clock?你能在9點(diǎn)前完成你的工作嗎?
3
. by表示地點(diǎn)、位置，意為“靠近;在……旁邊”。如：
The boy often reads books by the river.這個(gè)男孩經(jīng)常在河邊讀書。
4
. by表示移動(dòng)的方向，意為“從……旁邊過”。如：
He walked by me without speaking.他從我旁邊經(jīng)過，沒有說話。
5
. by表示根據(jù)，意為“按照”。如：
What time is it by your watch?你的手表幾點(diǎn)了?
6
. by表示被抓著，被接觸身體的某一部分。如：
She took me by the hand.她拉著我的手。
二、動(dòng)名詞用法小結(jié)
1
. 動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語
(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：
Doing morning exercises is good for our health.做早操對(duì)我們的健康有好處。
(2)可以用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語后置。如：
Getting up early is good for your health.→It's good for your health to get up early.早起對(duì)你的健康有益。
2
. 動(dòng)名詞在句中作賓語
動(dòng)名詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，一般放在某一及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后充當(dāng)這一動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。
(1)后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的及物動(dòng)詞有：finish，enjoy，keep，stand(忍受)，suggest，advise，practice，allow，mind，imagine 等。如：
The tourists enjoy staying in Kunming all the year round.游客們喜歡一整年都待在昆明。
Do you mind opening the window?你介意開一下窗戶嗎?
(2)動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語，包括以介詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞短語，如：give up，take part in，be good at等。如：
I know you are good at drawing pictures.我知道你擅長(zhǎng)畫畫。
Many young people took part in planting trees on Tree Planting Day.很多年輕人在植樹節(jié)那天參加植樹活動(dòng)。
Ⅰ.
選詞填空。
1
. Her mother goes to work ________(on/by) bus every morning.
2
. The two kids practice spoken English ________(by/with) joining the English club.
3
. ________(To watch/Watching) movies is a popular way for many people to relax.
4
. As we know，it's not polite to keep others ________(wait/waiting) for a long time.
5
. Jane，come in and sit ________(between/by) me.
Ⅱ.
用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
6
. Do you often memorize new words by ________(make) vocabulary lists?
7
. Can you finish ________(do) your homework before nine o'clock?
8
. Don't worry about ________(make) mistakes when you talk to foreigners in English.
9
. ________(help) each other at school is a way to improve our friendship.
10
. We have worked for three hours.Let's stop ________(work) and have a rest.
Ⅲ.
用的相關(guān)短語完成下列句子每空一詞。
11
. I think the best way to learn English is ________ ________ ________ ________(通過聽磁帶).
12
. Henry was sitting over there ________ ________ ________(在窗戶旁).
13
. Shall we go ________ ________(乘火車)?
14
. The trees ________ ________ ________(沿河) are all very tall.
15
. John is afraid to stay at home ________ ________(他自己).
Ⅳ.
根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子每空一詞。
16
. 我通過和朋友練習(xí)對(duì)話的方式來提髙英語。
I improve my English ________ ________ ________ with my friends.
17
. 她認(rèn)為讀英語雜志是記生詞的最好辦法。
She thinks ________ English magazines is the best way ________ ________ new words.
18
. 多讀有助于提高你的英語水平。
________ more ________ can help to improve your English.
19
. 他擅長(zhǎng)彈吉他。
He is good at ________ the guitar.
20
. 我看見一些孩子正在爬塔。
I saw some children ________ the tower.
Ⅰ.1.by 2.by 3.Watching 4.waiting 5.by
Ⅱ.6.making 7.doing 8.making 9.Helping 10.working
Ⅲ.11.by listening to tapes 12.by the window 13.by train 14.by the river
15．by himself
Ⅳ.16.by practicing conversations 17.reading；to memorize18．Doing；reading 19.playing 20.climbing
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